Data Science Articles

James Le

Updated on August 12, 2025

A machine learning algorithm is a set of instructions that enables a system to learn patterns from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed for each task. Here are the machine learning algorithms beginners should know.

Richmond Alake

Updated on August 12, 2025

Bubble sort time complexity describes how the bubble sort algorithm’s runtime scales with input size, being O(n²) in average and worst cases and O(n) in the best case when optimized.

Srishti Saha

Updated on August 11, 2025

Covariance indicates the direction of the linear relationship between two variables and how they vary, while correlation measures both the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.

Sparsh Gupta

Updated on August 11, 2025

A loss function in machine learning is a mathematical formula that measures the difference between a model’s predicted output and the actual target value, guiding optimization during training. Here are common loss functions to know and when to use them.

Parag Radke

Updated on August 11, 2025

Forward chaining and backward chaining are two approaches to designing an expert system for AI that help you solve complex problems. Learn how they work.

Matthew Urwin

Updated on August 07, 2025

Differential privacy is a mathematical definition of privacy designed to keep individual data anonymous within data sets. Here’s how this standard can be used to protect personal data, even as artificial intelligence complicates the security sector.

Jeff Rumage

Updated on August 07, 2025

Palantir’s data analysis software is known as a military intelligence tool. But as the company branches out in the government and corporate America, we take a closer look at its technology.

Matthew Urwin

Updated on August 06, 2025

Artificial general intelligence is a theoretical form of AI that could learn and think like humans do, sparking fears around job losses. What do jobs look like in a post-labor economy, and how do we plan ahead to ensure AGI works for everyone?

Matthew Urwin

Updated on August 05, 2025

Artificial intelligence has never been more accessible to everyday users, but that only increases the number of choices out there. Here’s an overview of the top AI models available, including GPT-4o, Claude 3.7 Sonnet and DeepSeek-R1.

Alex Zelinsky

Updated on August 04, 2025

A full binary tree is a tree where every node has either zero or two children, while a complete binary tree is a tree where all levels are fully filled except possibly the last (which is filled from left to right).