Michael Galarnyk, M.S.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on October 11, 2024

Python lists store an ordered collection of items that can be of different types. After defining a list, it’s possible to update the individual items in a list. Here’s how.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on May 22, 2025

This Python dictionary tutorial covers how to define and access values in a dictionary, how to iterate through a dictionary and various dictionary methods.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on February 23, 2024

Principal component analysis (PCA) in Python can be used to speed up model training or for data visualization. This tutorial covers both using scikit-learn.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on March 14, 2024

A z-table, or standard normal table, reveals what percentage of values fall below a certain z-score in a normal distribution. Here’s how to use one and create your own.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on November 25, 2024

Boxplots are graphs that tell you how your data’s values are spread out. Here’s how to read a boxplot and even create your own.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on May 22, 2025

The empirical rule, also known as the 68-95-99.7 rule, states that almost all the data in a normal distribution falls within three standard deviations of the mean. Take a deeper dive into the different aspects of the rule.

Michael Galarnyk

Updated on August 04, 2025

Train test split is a model validation procedure that splits a data set into a training set and a testing set, which are used to determine how your model performs on new data. Here’s how to apply it.